In August 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation and became a separate independent country. The independent Malaya united with the then British crown colonies of North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. The country achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Following three years of occupation, peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 and then restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948. During World War Two, British Malaya, along with other nearby British and American colonies, was occupied by the Empire of Japan. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms, which, from the 18th century on, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to numerous endemic species. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai. With a population of over 32 million, Malaysia is the world's 45th-most populous country. Putrajaya is the administrative center, which represents the seat of both the executive branch (the Cabinet, federal ministries, and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, the country's largest city, and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia, and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Malaysia ( / m ə ˈ l eɪ z i ə, - ʒ ə/ ( listen) mə- LAY-zee-ə, -zhə Malay: ) is a country in Southeast Asia.
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